Meteorology for aviation - ENAC
Auteurs :
Collection :
This meteorology manual is first intended for aeronautical users. As it is an initiation for many students, it is not weighed down with in-depth theoretical developments, or with meaningless equations. It is really intended to help you understand the essentials, the most basic atmospheric principles and mechanisms. You will see that it is not too simplistic or popular. The atmosphere is complex and you will perhaps discover this.
It goes without saying that this book includes all the knowledge required for the FCL European programme in its most complete version, the Air Transport Pilot Licence. The language and symbols used, as the illustrations, are essentially aeronautical.
Additional information (yellow boxes) or anecdotes (blue boxes) are added to the subject.
Commande avant 16h,
expédié le jour même (lu. - ve.)
Livraison express sous 48h.
Rubrique :
Météo
ISBN :
9782364930308
Référence :
1030
Année de parution :
2013
Aviation takes place in the atmospheric environment, a four-dimensional medium, with the sky's landscape changing as time goes by. Meteorology observes and measures the atmosphere; the main purpose of meteorology is to anticipate atmospheric change. So there is a natural connection between the meteorologist and those who design and operate aircraft like engineers, pilots, air traffic controllers.
This common field of activity often involves exchanges of the same type such as those between a general practitioner and a patient. The pattern of these exchanges has been considerably changed by the recent, quick evolution of the world of meteorology and aviation. This evolution notably imposes a greater distance between the meteorologist and the patient. The pilot's pre-flight meteorological briefing is becoming rare, and is being replaced by multiform coded information systems. There are immediate consequences for the pilot: he must be soundly trained in meteorology. This will enable him to quickly understand the content of the information available which is presented with no colour or highlight. This will enable him to get a practical picture of the weather.
In the following chapters, you will acquire basic but structured knowledge, to meet part of the aims outlined below.
A general, modern view of the atmosphere, and its movements, is needed to deal seriously with this subject, assess a situation, and anticipate weather during a flight. Some well-established principles can guide your meteorological reasoning. This way of approaching the atmospheric environment will be quickly enriched as you gain more and more experience.
This meteorology manual is first intended for aeronautical users. As it is an initiation for many students, it is not weighed down with in-depth theoretical developments, or with meaningless equations. It is really intended to help you understand the essentials, the most basic atmospheric principles and mechanisms. You will see that it is not too simplistic or popular. The atmosphere is complex and you will perhaps discover this.
It goes without saying that this book includes all the knowledge required for the FCL European programme in its most complete version, the Air Transport Pilot Licence. The language and symbols used, as the illustrations, are essentially aeronautical.
Additional information (yellow boxes) or anecdotes (blue boxes) are added to the subject.
This manual is not intended to bore you, but to give you good knowledge of meteorology and help to improve safety and efficiency in aviation.
| Référence : | 1030 |
| Nombre de pages : | 456 |
| Format : | 17x24 |
| Reliure : | Broché |
| Rôle | |
|---|---|
| Hallot Hervé | Auteur |
| Labyt Didier | Auteur |
| Robres Jean-Henry | Auteur |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Key words are in red bold
Introduction to meteorology
FIRST PART : GENERAL METEOROLOGY
Chapter 1 THE ATMOSPHERE
1.1 Definition
atmosphere
1.2 Composition
composition, dry air, ozone, humid air, water vapour, aerosols
1.3 Descriptive parameters of atmosphere
pressure, volume, temperature, humidity, wind
1.4 Observation and measurement
observation, measurement, satellite, geostationary satellites, polar orbiting satellites
1.5 Forecast
forecasting
1.6 Climatology
climatology
1.7 Atmospheric or meteorological scales
meteorological scale
Chapter 2 ENERGY AND TEMPERATURE
2.1 Definition and measurement
temperature, meteorological shelter
2.2 Exchanges of energy
radiation, visible range, infrared range, albedo, Solar radiation, Earth radiation, greenhouse effect, atmospheric transparency window, conduction, convection, latent heat, water cycle, turbulence, friction
2.3 Energy balance in Earth/atmosphere group 2.4 Horizontal variations of temperature
isotherms
2.5 Vertical variations of temperature : atmospheric stratification
temperature lapse rate, troposphere, stratosphere, tropopause, stratopause, inversion of temperature, ground temperature inversion
2.6 Day-to-day and seasonal variations of temperature 2.7 Aeronautical importance of air temperature
Chapter 3 ATMOPHERIC PRESSURE
3.1 Definition and measurement
pressure, hPa, mercury barometer, inches of mercury, aneroid barometer
3.2 Spatial variations of pressure
standard atmosphere, altimeter barometer, barometric lapse rate, isobar lines, anticyclone (high), ridge, wedge, depression (low), trough, centre of action, col, flat low, contour lines
3.3 Time variations of pressure
3.4 Origin of pressure variations
3.5 Aeronautical importance of pressure
Chapter 4 WATER IN THE ATMOSPHERE
4.1 The place and role of water in the atmosphere
water cycle
4.2 Changes of state of water and the water cycle
latent heat, water evaporation, melting of water, water sublimation, condensation
4.3 The real content of water in the atmosphere
vapour pressure, mixing ratio
4.4 Potential in water vapour, saturation and condensation
air parcel, saturation, saturation vapour pressure, saturation mixing ratio, condensation nuclei, freezing nuclei, supersaturation, condensation trails, supercooling
4.5 The mechanisms that lead to saturation and condensation
isobaric transformation, dew point temperature, dew, frost, radiation fog, advection fog, adiabatic transformation, dry adiabatic lapse rate, condensation level, condensation temperature, saturated adiabatic lapse rate
4.6 Distance to saturation
relative humidity
4.7 Measuring humidity
4.8 Aeronautical applications
Chapter 5 CLOUDS AND PRECIPITATIONS
5.1 Notions of vertical atmospheric stability and instability
stability, instability, indifferent instability, conditional instability
5.2 Clouds
cloud, water droplets, ice crystals, supercooled droplets, cloud classification, cloud types, low- middle- high levels clouds, alto, cirro, strato, cumulo, cloud thickness, nimbo, nimbostratus, cumulonimbus, stratocumulus, cloud species, lenticularis, congestus, capillatus, calvus, fractus, virga, cloud coverage (nebulosity), cloud base (base height)
5.3Precipitations
precipitation, Bergeron-Findeisen process, shower, rain, drizzle, snow, snow grains, ice pellets, snow pellets, soft hail, hail, intensity of a precipitation, weather radar
5.4 Photometeors
Chapter 6 ATMOSPHERIC MOVEMENT: THE WIND
6.1 Definition and representation of the wind
wind, wind direction, wind speed, isotachs, stream lines
6.2 General equation of atmospheric movement
pressure force, frictional force, Coriolis force
6.3 Horizontal component of the wind
geostrophic wind, pressure gradient, atmospheric boundary layer, free atmosphere, surface boundary layer, transition boundary layer, centrifugal force, gradient wind, cyclostrophic wind
6.4 The wind in three dimensions
ascent, horizontal convergence, subsidence, horizontal divergence
6.5 Wind measurement
wind vane, anemometer, gust of wind, squall
6.6 Aeronautical importance of the wind
Chapter 7 GENERAL ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION
7.1 The planetary framework
general circulation, normal, climatic situation, anomaly
7.2 Observing general atmospheric circulation
meteorological equator
7.3 Origin and dynamics of general atmospheric circulation
meridian circulation, inter-tropical convergence zone (ZCIT), doldrums, Hadley cells, katabatic winds, zonal circulations, polar easterlies, subtropical jet-stream, tropical easterly jet (TEJ), trade winds, monsoon, dynamic meteorology, weather types, dynamic centers of action, jet
7.4 Description of average pressure fields
pressure centers of thermal origin
Chapter 8 DISTURBANCES AROUND THE SYNOPTIC SCALE,
AIR MASSES AND FRONTOLOGY
8.1 The synoptic framework
atmospheric disturbance
8.2 Disturbances in tropical regions
deep convection, tropical cyclogenesis, convective cloud clusters, convection lines, easterly waves, tropical depression, tropical storm, tropical cyclone, hurricane, typhoon, tropical cyclolysis, Harmattan, squall lines
8.3 Disturbances of temperate or extra-tropical regions
air mass, front, extra-tropical cyclogenesis, mature stage disturbance, occluded stage disturbance, cold air pool, warm front, cold front, occluded front, stationary front, secondary front, convergence line, weather types, blocking situations, flat low situation, polar jets, low level jets
8.4 Weather in polar regions
circumpolar eddy, polar anticyclone, katabatic wind
8.5 In order to make correct use of synoptic forecast
Chapter 9 LOCAL SCALE METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA
9.1 The local framework
aerology
9.2 Sub-synoptic eddies
polar lows, tornadoes, spouts
9.3 Mist, haze, fog and low clouds
mist, haze, fog, freezing fog, radiation fog, advection fog, evaporation fog, frontal fog, industrial fog, slope fog, mixing fog, stratus
9.4 Cumulonimbus clouds, lightning and thunderstorm
cumulonimbus, air-mass cumulonimbus, orographic cumulonimbus, frontal cumulonimbus, squall lines, electric discharges, lightning, thunder, thunderstorm, downbursts, macro-bursts, micro-bursts
9.5 Coastal regions phenomena
breeze, sea breeze, land breeze, sea breeze front
9.6 Orographic phenomena of mountain regions
valley breeze, up-valley breeze, down valley breeze, venturi effect, up-slope breeze, down-slope breeze, dry foehn, foehn, orographic stationary waves
9.7 Local winds
Mistral, Bora, Khamsin, Ghibli, Sirocco
9.8 Diurnal/nocturnal and seasonal evolutions
9.9 Aerology and climatology
9.10 Conclusion : In order to make correct use of local forecast
Annex A CLIMATE OVERWIEW
wet equatorial climate, trade wind climate, highly seasonal tropical climate, coastal semi-arid tropical climate, continental arid tropical climate, wet sub-tropical climate, ocean climate, semiarid continental climate, cold continental climate, mediterranean climate, continental sub-artic climate, maritime sub-arctic climate, tundra climate, continental glacial climate
SECOND PART : AVIATION METEOROLOGY Introduction to aviation meteorology
Chapter 10 PRELIMINARY REMARKS
significant, vulnerability, hazard, potential, poor or severe weather
Chapter 11 ATMOSPHERIC TURBIDITY
11.1 General considerations and specific definitions
rough assessment, evaluation, measurement, turbidity, luminous intensity, luminance, contrast, perception, visibility, prevailing visibility, runway visual range (RVR), vertical visibility, ceiling
11.2 The origins of atmospheric turbidity
rain, shower rain, drizzle, snow, hail, mist, fog, dust, sand, smoke, haze
11.3 Factors of vulnerability to atmospheric turbidity, direct and indirect effects
11.4 Problems of visibility and air safety : prevention and forecasting
Chapter 12 ICING AND OTHER TYPES OF CONTAMINATION
12.1 Definitions
contamination, icing, accretion, hoar frost, rime ice, clear ice, mixed ice, glazed frost, lightmoderate-severe icing
12.2 The meteorological aspects of icing ice potential
12.3 The aeronautical aspects of icing
12.4 The consequences of icing on an aircraft 12.5 Prevention, detection, suppression de-icing, anti-icing
12.6 The other types of contamination in flight and on the ground
Chapter 13 ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE
13.1 Definition and reminders
atmospheric turbulence
13.2 Quantitative and qualitative classifications of atmospheric turbulence
potential atmospheric turbulence, frictional turbulence, air flow turbulence, orographic turbulence, mountain waves, cloud wake turbulence, clear air turbulence (CAT), frontal turbulence, convective turbulence
13.3 Factors of vulnerability to atmospheric turbulence : direct and indirect effects
13.4 Turbulence and air safety : analysis, detection, forecasting 13.5 Aircraft wake turbulence and weather conditions
Chapter 14 WINDSHEAR
14.1 Definitions
horizontal and vertical windshear, wind gradient
14.2 Origins of windshear in low troposphere
14.3 Factors of vulnerability to windshear : direct and indirect effects 14.4 Wind shear and air safety : analysis, detection, forecasting
wind profilers, terminal Doppler weather radar, Low Level Windshear Alert System
Chapter 15 CUMULONIMBUS CLOUDS - Thunderstorm and hail
15.1 Cumulonimbus: definitions and reminders
cumulonimbus, ISOL, OCNL, FRQ, EMBD
15.2 Thunderstorm
thunderstorm, lightning, thunder, multi-cell and super-cell thunderstorm, stormscope
15.3 Hail
hail, hailstone, weather radar, bright band
15.4 Help for Air Traffic Services 15.5 Hazards summary
Chapter 16 JETS
16.1 Reminders
jet, core, axis, level, jet streak, subtropical jet-stream, tropical easterly jet, polar jets
16.2 How to locate jet
Chapter 17 VOLCANIC ASH CLOUDS
17.1 Volcanic emissions and their aeronautical consequences
volcanic eruption, ash cloud
17.2 A watch system
Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers
Chapter 18 IONISING RADIATIONS – STRATOSPHERIC OZONE
18.1 Cosmic radiation and natural radioactivity
cosmic radiation
18.2 Stratospheric ozone
ozone
Annex B BAROMETRIC ALTIMETRY P427
B1 International Standard Atmosphere (ISA)
International Standard Atmosphere, altitude, geopotential altitude, geoid, pressure altitude, flight level
B2 Pressure altimeter
pressure altimeter, altimeter setting pressure
B3 Various settings and related uses QFE, QNE, altimeter height, QNH, altimeter altitude
B4 Setting changes transition altitude, transition level, transition layer
B5 Comparing standard atmosphere and true atmosphere QFF
B6 Pressure altitude, density altitude, temperature altitude
pressure altitude, density altitude nd temperature inversion
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